Bayer Leverkusen

Bayer Leverkusen is a football (soccer) club from Germany.

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Bayer 04 Leverkusen is a Germany association football List of football clubs in Germany based in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is the most well-known department of TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen, a sports club whose members also participate in athletics (track and field), gymnastics, basketball and other sports.

History

Origins and the early years

On 27 November 1903 Wilhelm Hauschild wrote a letter – signed by 170 of his fellow workers – to his employer, the Bayer at the time, there was significant animosity between gymnasts and other types of athletes. Eventually this contributed to a split within the club: on 8 June 1928 the footballers formed a separate association – Sportvereinigung Bayer 04 Leverkusen – that also included the handball and fistball players, athletics, and boxing, while the gymnasts carried on as TuS Bayer 04 Leverkusen. SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen took with them Bayer Leverkusen's traditional colours of red and black, with the gymnasts adopting blue and yellow.

Through this period, and into the 1930s, SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen played third and fourth division football. In 1936, they earned promotion to the second highest class of play of the period. That was also the year that Bayer Leverkusen wore the familiar "Bayer" cross for the first time. They made their first appearance in upper league play in 1951, in the Oberliga West and played there until 1956, after which they were relegated. SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen would not return to the upper leagues until 1962, just one season before the formation of Germany's new professional league, the Fußball-Bundesliga. The next year saw Bayer Leverkusen in the Regionalliga West, tier II, where their performances over the next few seasons left them well down the league table.

2. Bundesliga and 1. Bundesliga

SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen made something of a breakthrough in 1968, by winning the division title, but were unable to advance through the playoff round to the first division. They were relegated again in 1973, but made a quick return to what was now called the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga after just one season spent in the third division. Four years later, Bayer Leverkusen handily secured a place in the Bundesliga to start to play there in the 1979-80 season.

By the mid-1980s, SV Bayer 04 Leverkusen had played their way into the upper half of the league table and were well-established there by the end of the decade. It was during this time, in 1984, that the two halves of Bayer Leverkusen that had parted ways over half a century ago were re-united as TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen e.V. The new club took red and white as their colours.

In addition to becoming an established Bundesliga side, Bayer Leverkusen earned its first honours with a dramatic win in the UEFA Cup 1987-88. Down (0:3) to RCD Espanyol after the first leg of the final, they drew even in the return match and then captured the title (3:2) on penalty kicks.

That same year, long-time Bayer Leverkusen executive Reiner Calmund became the general manager of the club. This is regarded as one of the most important moves in Bayer Leverkusen's history, as Calmund ushered in a decade and a half of Bayer Leverkusen's greatest success through shrewd, far-sighted player acquisitions.

After the German reunification in 1990, Reiner Calmund was quick to sign East Germany stars Ulf Kirsten, Andreas Thom, and Jens Melzig. The three players would become instant crowd favourites, and make significant contributions to the team. Calmund also established groundbreaking contacts in Football in Brazil, befriending Sports_agent Soccer, one of Brazil most powerful player agents. Over the next few years, budding superstars, such as Jorginho and Paulo Sérgio Silvestre do Nascimento, joined the team, as did Czech Republic star Pavel Hapal. They also signed charismatic players, such as Bernd Schuster, and Rudi Völler, helping to ensure the team's popularity and growing success.

Bayer Leverkusen captured its next honours in 1993, with a 1-0 win in the German Cup over a surprising Hertha BSC Berlin amateur squad. In the following season, in a game also known for its 45 m "German Goal of the Year" by Schuster (a goal which was later also named "Goal of the Decade"), Bayer 04 played against Eintracht Frankfurt early in the season, and, as both a "tip of the hat" to their own history as well as an attempt to perhaps upset the Frankfurt team, Bayer played in its new 3rd colors, which were old-fashioned red and black stripes. (The jerseys were similar to the ones Frankfurt generally wore at the time.) This proved so popular with the fans that, very shortly thereafter, Bayer Leverkusen reverted back to its "retro" colors of red and black, colors used on all home jerseys since then.

After a near disaster in 1996 when Bayer Leverkusen faced a relegation battle, Bayer Leverkusen established itself as a powerful side, offering a technically pleasing offensive style of play under new coach Christoph Daum, who was also helped by the signing of players such as Lucimar Ferreira da Silva, Emerson Ferreira da Rosa, José Roberto da Silva Junior, and Michael Ballack. Daum was later to be famously fired for a cocaine scandal that also cost him his ascent to the role of the national team coach.

The Almost Champions

The team earned a series of top four finishes from 1997 to 2002 that included four second place finishes. The finishes of 2000 and 2002 were heart-breaking for supporters as on both occasions Bayer Leverkusen had the Bundesliga title within its grasp. In 2000, Bayer Leverkusen needed only a draw against SpVgg Unterhaching to win the title, but an own goal by Michael Ballack helped send Bayer Leverkusen to a crushing (0:2) defeat, while FC Bayern Munich clinched the title with a (3:1) victory over SV Werder Bremen. Two years later, Bayer Leverkusen surrendered a five point lead atop the league table by losing two of its last three matches while Borussia Dortmund swept ahead with three consecutive victories in its final matches. The 2002 season has been dubbed the "Treble Horror", as Bayer Leverkusen were also beaten in the German Cup final (2:4) by FC Schalke 04, and lost the UEFA Champions League final to Real Madrid C.F. (1:2). Still, Bayer Leverkusen earned the honour as the first team ever to reach the UEFA Champions League final without winning a national championship before. They even had to qualify first for the participation in that year's UEFA Champions League.

Recent years

Bayer Leverkusen went through startling reversals of fortune in the next two seasons. In the 2002 offseason, Bayer Leverkusen lost influential midfield stars Michael Ballack, and Zé Roberto, to archrivals Bayern Munich. The team flirted with Promotion and relegation through most of the Fußball-Bundesliga 2002-03 season leading to the firing of Klaus Toppmöller, who had coached Bayer Leverkusen during its most successful year, and he was replaced by the inexperienced Thomas Hörster. Charismatic coach Klaus Augenthaler took up the reins in the last two games of the season and helped avoid disaster with a win over his previous club 1. FC Nuremberg. He then led Bayer Leverkusen to a third place finish and a Champions League place the following year.

That following season's run in the Champions League saw them get some measure of revenge on Real Madrid, opening their group stage campaign with a 3-0 rout of the Spanish giants, they would go on to win the group, but were defeated in the first knockout round by eventual champions Liverpool F.C Bayer Leverkusen finished 6th during the Fußball-Bundesliga 2004-05 season, and would enter the UEFA Cup the following season.

Early in 2005, Augenthaler was in turn fired as manager after Bayer Leverkusen got off to their worst Bundesliga start in over twenty years, with only one win in their first four league matches and a (0-1) home loss to PFC CSKA Sofia in the first leg of their UEFA Cup match-up. Former Germany national football team coach Rudi Völler was named as caretaker manager. Michael Skibbe, who was Rudi Völler's assistant coach at the national team, was named as his successor in October. Skibbe turned their season around and guided Bayer Leverkusen to a 5th place finish, earning another UEFA Cup place.

The Fußball-Bundesliga 2007-08 season was not a successful one for Bayer Leverkusen despite a good start to the seaon. 7 out of the last 10 season games were lost to clubs in the lower half of the table. Michael Skibbe was heavily criticised towards the end of the season after he continuously changed his starting line up. Bayer Leverkusen also lost a lot of their support towards the end of the season. In the 1-2 home loss against Hertha BSC Berlin, the Leverkusen fans caused a lot of commotion. Not only were they yelling their trainer to leave but Ultra fans who had seen enough, set fire to their Jerseys which were then thrown onto the field. Michael Skibbe was fired in the afternoon of the 21 May 2008. The reason for his departure was due to the fact that Leverkusen's goal for the season, to qualify for the UEFA Cup, was not reached.

Recent seasons

Club culture

In contrast to many other German football clubs, which hold close ties to their Proletariat roots, Bayer Leverkusen strives for a clean, family-friendly image. The BayArena has the reputation of being one of the most family-friendly football stadiums in Germany.

Bayer Leverkusen is perceived by some to have an ongoing image problem of a different sort. Although they are a financially healthy club with a stable of strong players, many fans of the old school clubs denounce Bayer Leverkusen as a "plastic club", without traditions or a committed fan base, existing solely as a creature of their rich pharmaceutical company sponsor. This is not unknown in football and other famous clubs such as PSV Eindhoven, Parma F.C. and FC Sochaux-Montbéliard share a similar reputation.

Honours

National

European

Youth

- German Under 19 championship (football)
- - Champions: 2000, 2007
- - Runners-up: 1995, 2001, 2003
- German Under 17 championship (football)
- - Champions: 1992
- Under 19 Bundesliga (football)
- - Champions: 2007

Players

For recent transfers, see List of German football transfers summer 2009.

Players out on loan

Bayer 04 Leverkusen II squad

As of 30 December 2008

Manager: Ulf Kirsten

Past Players

Bayer Leverkusen's "Squad of the Century"

On 21 May 2004, Bayer Leverkusen announced their "Bayer Leverkusen Squad of the Century".

- : Player is still active.

Manager History

- 1957–1959 Edmund Conen
- 1959–1960 Theo Kirchberg
- 1960–1962 Erich Garske
- 1962–1965 Fritz Pliska
- 1965–1971 Theo Kirchberg
- 1971–1973 Gero Bisanz
- 1973–1974 Friedhelm Renno
- 1974–1975 Manfred Rummel
- 1976–1976 Radoslav Momirski
- 1 July 1976–22 November 1981 Willibert Kremer
- 23 November 1981–30 June 1982 Gerhard Kentschke
- 1 July 1982–30 June 1985 Dettmar Cramer
- 1 July 1985–30 June 1988 Erich Ribbeck
- 1 July 1988–13 April 1989 Rinus Michels
- 13 April 1989–30 May 1991 Jürgen Gelsdorf

- 31 May 1991–30 June 1991 Peter Hermann (footballer)
- 1 July 1991–4 April1993 Reinhard Saftig
- 4 April 1993–7 April 1995 Dragoslav Stepanović
- 10 April 1995–27 April 1996 Erich Ribbeck
- 04.28.1996–30 June 1996 Peter Hermann (footballer)
- 1 July 1996–21 October 2000 Christoph Daum
- 21 October 2000–11 November 2000 Rudi Völler
- 12 November 2000–20 May 2001 Berti Vogts
- 1 July 2001–15 February 2003 Klaus Toppmöller
- 16 February 2003–10 May 2003 Thomas Hörster
- 13 May 2003–09.16.2005 Klaus Augenthaler
- 16 September 2005–9 October 2005 Rudi Völler
- 9 October 2005–21 May 2008 Michael Skibbe
- 1 July 2008–5 June 2009 Bruno Labbadia
- 5 June 2009– Jupp Heynckes

Women's football

The origin of Bayer Leverkusen's women's football section lies at the Bergisch Gladbach 09, which in the 1970s and 1980s was the dominating club in German women's football. In that period Bergisch Gladbach won the national List of German women's football champions nine times which today is still the record. They also won the Frauen DFB Pokal three times. After the inception of the Fußball-Bundesliga (women) in 1990 their performance declined through the 1990s, eventually leading to relegation.

In 1996 the women's team moved from SSG 09 Bergisch Gladbach to TuS Köln rrh. At Köln Bayer Leverkusen played mostly second-tier football with a few seasons in the third tier in between. Their greatest success was a semi-final appearance in the Frauen DFB Pokal 2007–08. However Bayer Leverkusen was not able to find sponsors, that would help to realize the team's ambitions of playing Bundesliga football again. Contemporaneously Bayer Leverkusen pronounced their interest to establish a women's football section of their own. On 25 June 2008 the women's football department of TuS Köln rrh. disbanded to join Bayer Leverkusen.

In their first season at Bayer Leverkusen Bayer Leverkusen finished 7th in the south group of the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga (women) and will thus play in the same league in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga (women) 2009–10.

1.FC Köln, Arminia Bielefeld, Bayer Leverkusen, Bayern München, Borussia Dortmund, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Eintracht Frankfurt, Energie Cottbus, FC Schalke 04, Hamburger SV, Hannover 96, Hertha BSC Berlin, Karlsruher SC, SV Werder Bremen, TSG Hoffenheim, VfB Stuttgart, VfL Bochum, VfL Wolfsburg